Browsing by Author "Divya Parmar"

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    A step closer towards achieving universal health coverage: the role of gender in enrolment in health insurance in India
    (BMC Health Serv. Res., 2024) Susanne Ziegler; Swati Srivastava; Divya Parmar; Sharmishtha Basu; Nishant Jain; Manuela De Allegri
    BackgroundThere is limited understanding of how universal health coverage (UHC) schemes such as publicly-funded health insurance (PFHI) benefit women as compared to men. Many of these schemes are gender-neutral in design but given the existing gender inequalities in many societies, their benefits may not be similar for women and men. We contribute to the evidence by conducting a gender analysis of the enrolment of individuals and households in India's national PFHI scheme, Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY).MethodsWe used data from a cross-sectional household survey on RSBY eligible families across eight Indian states and studied different outcome variables at both the individual and household levels to compare enrolment among women and men. We applied multivariate logistic regressions and controlled for several demographic and socio-economic characteristics.ResultsAt the individual level, the analysis revealed no substantial differences in enrolment between men and women. Only in one state were women more likely to be enrolled in RSBY than men (AOR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.32-5.38), and this pattern was linked to their status in the household. At the household level, analyses revealed that female-headed households had a higher likelihood to be enrolled (AOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.14-1.62), but not necessarily to have all household members enrolled.ConclusionFindings are surprising in light of India's well-documented gender bias, permeating different aspects of society, and are most likely an indication of success in designing a policy that did not favour participation by men above women, by mandating spouse enrolment and securing enrolment of up to five family members. Higher enrolment rates among female-headed households are also an indication of women's preferences for investments in health, in the context of a conducive policy environment. Further analyses are needed to examine if once enrolled, women also make use of the scheme benefits to the same extent as men do. India is called upon to capitalise on the achievements of RSBY and apply them to newer schemes such as PM-JAY.
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    Awareness of India's national health insurance scheme (PM-JAY): a cross-sectional study across six states
    (Health Policy Planning, 2023) Diletta Parisi; Swati Srivastava; Divya Parmar; Christoph Strupat; Stephan Brenner; Caitlin Walsh; Rupak Neogi; Sharmishtha Basu; Susanne Ziegler; Nishant Jain; Manuela De Allegri
    The paper assessed socio-demographic and economic determinants of beneficiaries' awareness of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), the national health insurance scheme launched in India in 2018, and their awareness of their own eligibility.