Investment in human resources for health not only strengthens the health system, but also generates employment and contributes to economic growth. India can gain from enhanced investment in health workforce in multiple ways. This study in addition to presenting updated estimates on size and composition of health workforce, identifies areas of investment in health workforce in India. The paper using two sources of data: (i) National Health Workforce Account (NHWA) 2018 and (ii) Periodic Labour Force Survey 2017�18 of the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) collated comparable estimates of different categories of health workers in India, density of health workforce and skill-mix at the all India and state levels.