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Item Performance Audit of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in Kerala (2006-2011)(CAG of India, 19-03-2013) CAG of IndiaThe Integrated Child Development Services launched in 1975 in India aims at holistic development of children up to six years ofage, adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating mothers by providing a package of services like supplementary nutrition, immunisation, health check up, nutrition and health education, etc. This performance review of the implementation of the scheme in Kerala for the period 2006-07 to 2010-11 revealed deficiencies in the implementation of the scheme such as delay in release offunds for scheme implementation, failure to cover the entire targeted population, etc., thereby defeating the basic objectives of the Scheme. Contrary to Government of India guidelines, Take Home Food delivered to children between six months and three years in the State was not fortified with micro-nutrients. The main audit findings are given below: 1. The department was not preparing any long term perspective plan. In the absence of the plan, there were deficiencies in creation of new AWCs and insufficiencies in the delivery of services to beneficiaries in various components in ICDS. 2. There was a shortage of 8,619 Anganwadi Centres (21 per cent) in the State. Fourteen additional Anganwadi Centres (AWCs), sanctioned in 2005 by GOI, were yet to be operationalized. 3. Many functional AWCs in the test checked ICDS projects were functioning in rented premises and lacked basic infrastructure facilities like safe drinking water, toilets, etc. 4. The percentage of child population who were not immunized against Polio and DPT in Palakkad and Malappuram districts were respectively 36 and 31. 5. The objective of universalization of Supplementary Nutrition Programme was not achieved as 56 to 66 per cent of the identified beneficiaries were not covered under the Scheme. 6. The percentage of malnourished children below the age of six years in the State ranged between 27 and 39. Test check of records in Idukki, Malappuram, Palakkad and Thiruvananthapuram districts indicated that 110 out of 1180 children who died during 2011-12, were severely malnourished. 7. GOI guidelines stipulating periodical weighment of child beneficiaries under Supplementary Nutrition Programme to assess their nutritional status was not adhered to during 2007-12. 8. Take Home Ration (THR) valued at % 257.38 crore was purchased from an agency which did not possess the mandatory BIS certification. It was also noticed that an amount of z 22.44 crore was overcharged by the supplier. In a number of cases, test results of the samples of the product were stated to be not satisfactory.Item Performance Audit of Supplementary Nutrition Program under ICDS in Assam (2002-2007)(CAG of India, 2008) CAG of IndiaThe problem of malnutrition amongst children in Assam is being addressed through Supplementary Nutrition Programme (SNP), a constituent component of a package of services under ICDS. A performance review of the “Nutrition Programme under ICDS” revealed the following shortcomings: 1. The State Government did not provide funds for Supplementary Nutrition Programme from 2002-03 to 2004-05. The Additional Central Assistance of Rs. 135.86 crore for nutrition meant exclusively for children below 3 years was diverted for providing nutrition for all groups of beneficiaries. 2. Performance of the SNP in terms of nutritional supplementation vis-à-vis prescribed feeding days was grossly inadequate. Poor delivery of nutrition supplementation at only 21-29 percent (calories) and 24 to 33 percent (protein) negated the programme objectives. 3. The programme implementation remained disappointing, often being handicapped by long spells of non-feeding days, inequality in allotment of nutritious food, diversion of allotment of foodstuffs without compensatory replacement and expenditure in excess of norms. 4. RTE weighing 2,32,708 kgs valued at Rs.86.10 lakh were diverted without corresponding compensatory replacements thereby depriving 1,99,020 beneficiaries of 46 projects of supplementary nutrition indicating lack of control in programme management. 5. Despite subsidized PDS (APL) rice being abundantly available, the Department procured SNP rice at higher rates resulting in avoidable expenditure of Rs. 11.69 crore. 6. Overlooking a cheaper rate for RTE offered by a manufacturer the Department procured the item at higher rate consecutively for three years by repeated extension of time of the contact resulting in an avoidable expenditure of Rs. 2.85 crore.Item Performance Audit of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in Madhya Pradesh (2011-2016)(CAG of India, 24-03-2017) CAG of IndiaIntegrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is India’s response to the challenge of breaking a vicious cycle of malnutrition, impaired development, morbidity and mortality in young children. Supplementary Nutrition Programme (SNP) under ICDS is primarily designed to bridge the gap between the recommendatory dietary allowance and average daily intake. Every beneficiary of SNP is provided supplementary nutrition (SN) for 300 days in a year, which is supplied by the Anganwadi Centres (AWCs) in the form of cooked meals and Take Home Ration (THR). In Madhya Pradesh, Rs 5012.17 crore was incurred on implementation of SNP during 2011-12 to 2015-16. A performance audit of the implementation of ICDS (Supplementary Nutrition Programme) in Madhya Pradesh during the period 2011-16 revealed the following: 1. Financial Management: State Government provided allocated food grains to District Programme Officers (DPOs) through Madhya Pradesh State Civil Supplies Corporation (MPSCSC) for release under SNP. Audit scrutiny revealed that DPOs did not adhere to Central Issue Price (CIP) of wheat and rice and payments were made to MPSCSC at higher rates. This resulted in excess payment of Rs 40.87 crore to MPSCSC during 2012-13 to 2014-15. Further, unreconciled advance of Rs 13.81 crore was lying with MPSCSC on account of short lifted food grains by DPOs. 2. Madhya Pradesh State Agro Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. (MP Agro), which was the agency for supply of THR packets, utilised excess wheat and rice as compared to quantity of food grains required for THR packets actually supplied by it. Department did not reconcile the reasons for excess utilised food grains, which resulted in undue financial benefits of Rs 15.57 crore to MP Agro. 3. Short coverage of beneficiary: ICDS was to be extended to all children upto the age of six years and all pregnant and lactating mothers. During 2011-16, 20.94 lakh registered children in the age group of six months to three years, 57.02 lakh registered children in age group of three years to six years and 7.99 lakh registered pregnant and lactating mothers were not provided SN. The shortfall was due to deficient infrastructure at AWCs, preparation of less quantity of SN or at times no supply of SN and long distances of AWCs, which acted as disincentives to enrolled beneficiaries affecting their attendance at AWCs. 4. Disruption in delivery of services: In 14 test-checked Project Offices, SN was not supplied during various months (ranged from one day to 120 days) during 2011-12 to 2015-16 in 983 AWCs having 37,079 registered beneficiaries. 5. Distribution of cooked meal: There was a shortfall of 24432.05 MT wheat and 3592.06 MT rice in distribution to Self Help Groups (SHGs) engaged in preparation of cooked meal during year 2011-16, which affected the distribution of cooked meal to beneficiaries. 6. Shortage of AWCs in the State: There was shortage of 18604 AWCs and 3400 Mini-AWCs in the State as of March 2016 as per population norms laid down by Government of India. Out of total 61755 villages/wards in the State, 11156 villages/wards covering 53.84 lakh population were without AWCs. GOI sanctioned 4305 (November 2014), however, these AWCs were not opened. 7. Growth monitoring and nutritional status of children: As per National Family Health Survey (2015-16), there were 9.2 per cent of severely malnourished children in the State. Thus, State could not achieve target for reducing severely malnourished children from 12.6 per cent to 5 per cent. Similarly, State was lagging behind the targets set for reducing percentage of underweight children and under-5 mortality rate. 8. Monitoring of the scheme: Meeting of State Level Monitoring and Review Committee was not held. Monitoring and Review Committee was not constituted at District and Block level for proper monitoring and supervision.Item Performance Audit of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in Punjab (2002-2007)(CAG of India, 2008) CAG of IndiaPerformance Audit of Integrated Child Development Services in Punjab for the period 2002-03 to 2006097 revealed that the Department failed in the areas of planning, co-ordination and monitoring of the nutrition programme. The funds were drawn in advance of requirements and kept outside Government accounts resulting in loss of interest Rs 7.93 lakh. The reconciliation of expenditure was not done. Expenditure was overstated by Rs 6.90 crore and utilisation certificates for Rs 39.28 crore were not furnished. Material costing Rs 39.47 lakh seized by Vigilance became unfit for human consumption due to its non-utilization within prescribed shelf life. Wheat and rice were not lifted from godowns denying benefit to 604709 beneficiaries. The overall shortfall in coverage of beneficiaries was between 32 and 85 per cent. Monitoring of the scheme was weak.Item Performance Audit of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in Nagaland (2001-2006)(CAG of India, 2007) CAG of IndiaThe Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, was launched in Nagaland in 1975. The ICDS scheme is also linked with nutrition component of Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) launched during 2000-01 as 100 per cent Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) with the objective of achieving sustainable human development at the village level. The PMGY envisaged an Additional Central Assistance (ACA) for various components of Basic Minimum Services including nutrition. The nutrition component of the PMGY had been specifically outlined with the objective of eradicating malnutrition amongst children below three years by supplementary feeding. In addition, the State is also implementing World Bank assisted ICDS training programme-Project UDISHA since April 1999 with a view to create awareness of ICDS activities to the various groups such as Village Council Members, Gaon Burahs and Women Organizations and to train the community as a whole to optimize their involvement in the scheme activities. CAG of India reviewed the implementation of ICDS in Nagaland covering the period 2001-02 to 2005-06 by undertaking test check of records in three out of 11 districts by applying the method of Probability Proportional to Size With Replacement. Anganwadi Centres in the sample districts were selected by using the method of Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWR). Out of total expenditure of Rs.86.89 crore during 2001-02 to 2005-06, Rs. 54.50 crore (63 per cent) was covered in the Performance Audit. Audit Objectives: The main objectives of the performance audit were to examine • the method for identification of the target group; • the plan drawn up to achieve scheme objectives; • the survey for identification of malnourished children, pregnant and nursing mothers and other women in the 15-45 age group years; • the adequacy of training provided to the ICDS functionaries; and • the effectiveness of monitoring, evaluation and assessment of the scheme. The performance audit revealed the following main findings: As of March 2006, only 79 percent tribal population of the State could be covered under the ICDS scheme. 16 per cent children of the State in the under six years age group were yet to be covered under the scheme. The nutritional content of the foodstuff provided to the beneficiaries was not regularly tested in the recognized testing laboratory. Implementation of other components of the scheme such as immunisation, nutrition and health education, medical check-up and referral services as well as prevention of vitamin ‘A’ deficiency were virtually non-existent. The Government had entrusted the Nagaland University to conduct evaluation study of the scheme but no report was submitted by the University as of October 2006.Item Performance Audit of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in West Bengal (2007-2012)(CAG of India, 10-07-2014) CAG of IndiaIntegrated Child Development Services (ICDS), a centrally sponsored flagship scheme, aims at improvement in the nutritional and health status of children and pregnant women and lactating mothers in rural, tribal and urban slum areas. The programme aims to reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity and malnutrition through delivery of a package of services like supplementary nutrition, immunisation, health check up and non-formal pre-school education (PSE). The implementation and efficacy of the scheme in West Bengal for the period from 2007-12 were subjected to Performance Audit through the test check of five districts and sampled projects and Anganwadi Centres (AWs) there under. Noticeable progress was observed towards universalisation of the programme during 2007-12. There was reduction in Infant Mortality Rate from that in 2006. However, much remains to be done as regards reduction in malnutrition among pregnant women and percentage of infants with low birth weights. The State lagged behind the achievables in case of Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) and Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR). Test check disclosed many areas of concern as regards operationalising AWs, implementation of supplementary nutrition programme (SNP), availability of basic amenities in AW centres, manpower management, etc. The Department did not operationalise all projects and AWs sanctioned by GoI which deprived beneficiaries of better access to services. There was considerable delay in operationalisation of projects and AWs. Bifurcation of projects to strengthen supervision did not serve its purpose as the newly created projects were not provided with supervisory manpower. AW centres were found lacking in basic amenities, as only 25 per cent had own buildings, while 14 per cent operated in open spaces. Drinking water and toilet facilities were available in 57 and 32 per cent of AWs respectively. Forty nine (49) AWs (25 per cent) out of 200 test checked provided Supplementary Nutrition (SN) for stipulated 300 days. Further, quantum of per day per head food stuff had been reduced by the Department to cushion the price rise. At the same time, avoidable extra expenditure of 240.66 crore was incurred owing to non-availing of the GoI’s offer of supply rice at BPL rate and non-lifting of BPL rice allotted by GoI, which indicated indifference of the Department. The objective of prevention of critical diseases was not addressed adequately, shortfalls being noticed in implementation of immunisation programmes (except for tuberculosis). Non-maintenance of referral cards at AW level and lack of coordination with functionaries of Health Department resulted in serious cases of malnutrition or illness not being properly followed up. Significant shortages between 53 and 69 per cent were noticed in key supervisory posts, resulting in almost half of the AWs either not being or being inadequately supervised. As regards number of days of field visits, actual achievement was 38 per cent of normative requirement in the test checked projects during 2007-12.Item Performance Audit of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme(CAG of India, 2012) CAG of IndiaThe Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme was launched as a centrally sponsored scheme on 2nd October 1975. About a decade ago, CAG of India's audit report on ICDS (Report No 3 of 2000 (Civil)) had revealed that the policy of universalisation of ICDS scheme remained unattained and the scheme could not achieve the desired goals. In that performance audit, CAG of India had also reported that the Supplementary Nutrition (SN) component had failed to improve the health status of beneficiaries, implementation of the component of health check-up and referral services was found deficient and due to non-fixation of targets and absence of monitoring mechanism, full coverage under immunisation could not be assured besides many other findings. Thus, CAG of India decided to conducted a follow up audit to assess the current status of ICDS scheme, and also whether the issues highlighted in earlier report had been appropriately addressed.Item Performance Audit of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in Haryana (2005-2010)(CAG of India, 04-03-2011) CAG of IndiaThe Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), a Centrally sponsored scheme, was launched in 197576 with the main objective of improving the nutritional standard and health status of children in the age group of zero to six years and to enhance the capability of mothers to look after the health of their children. Performance audit of the scheme in Haryana for the Period 2005-2010, brought out deficiencies in its implementation. Coverage of children and women beneficiaries under various components of the scheme was inadequate. About 44 per cent of the children in the age group of zero to six years were malnourished at the end of 2009-10. Huge funds were drawn in advance of requirement and were kept in bank accounts. About one fifth of the targeted Anganwadi buildings were not constructed despite availability of funds. Facilities such as drinking water and toilets were not available in 73 and 57 per cent Anganwadi Centres respectively. Non-testing of food to check adequate micronutrients, non-maintenance of records of referral services, etc. also indicated deficient implementation of the scheme.Item Performance Audit of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in Rajasthan (2003-2008)(CAG of India, 2009) CAG of IndiaThe ‘Integrated Child Development Services’ (ICDS) Scheme is a Centrally sponsored scheme meant for delivery of health services, nutrition and education to expectant and lactating mothers, adolescent girls and children in the age group of 0-6 years. The implementation of the scheme in Rajasthan suffered from several deficiencies such as, underutilisation of funds, non-creation of required infrastructure and large scale vacancies of ICDS functionaries. Besides, nutritional support could not be provided to large number of identified beneficiaries. Main audit findings are given below: 1. Against the original budget provision of Rs 1,641.74 crore for the period 2003-08, savings amounted to Rs 238.31 crore. The saving ranged upto to 30 per cent. A sum of Rs 1.15 crore was lying unutilised in Personal Deposit account for two years. 2. Due to delay in responding to Government of India proposal, State Government could not avail Central assistance of Rs 0.94 crore for construction of 100 Anganwadi Center buildings. 3. The benefit of supplementary nutrition was extended to 40 to 42 per cent children in tribal areas and only 29 to 35 per cent children in other rural areas. 4. The State Level Co-ordination Committee for monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the scheme though constituted, no meetings were held since October 2002. Three out of seven districts test checked did not have any District Level Co-ordination Committee to monitor the ICDS activities.Item Thematic Audit on Functioning of Anganwadi Centres in Rajasthan (2015-2018)(CAG of India, 06-03-2020) CAG of IndiaAnganwadi Centres are the first outpost for delivery of supplementary nutrition, pre-school education and other services under the ICDS programme to children in the age group of 6 months to 6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers. Audit noticed that there were deficiencies in planning, availability of infrastructure, equipment and manpower in these Anganwadi centres. There was shortfall of 35.24 per cent and 41.32 per cent in coverage of targeted eligible beneficiaries for supplementary nutrition and pre-school education respectively. A substantial number (23.30 lakhs) of malnourished children were deprived of additional nutrition. None of the AWCs were able to provide micronutrient fortified supplementary nutrition as the Self Help Groups who supplied food did not have the capacity for fortification. Shortage of critical personnel like CDPOs/ACDPOs (52.47 per cent) and Supervisors (31.68 per cent) and shortage in prescribed trainings also affected various aspects of delivery of the programme. These deficiencies coupled with lack of regular supervision resulted in weaknesses in the delivery of services.
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