Case Studies

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https://resourcerepository.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/handle/apurr/1780

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A Conversation on Sexual Rights in India
(2005 (Reprint-2010)) CREA; SANGMA; TARSHI
The report is not India specific (albeit includes India as well) but documents various strands of conversations and diverse views, opinions, and voices around sexual rights. These conversations attempt to explore and conceptualize what do we mean by sexual rights and how various organizations and progressive movements by Community Based Organizations (CBOs) have engaged with the issue of sexual rights. Besides, it also highlights the increasing repression of these rights in the name of "culture" and by creating the binaries of "Masculine" and Feminine" and demonization and denigration of "Human Rights" as a concept.
Accountability and Social Action in Health: A Case Study on Solid Waste Management in three Local Authority Areas of Zimbabwe
(2013) Training and Research Suport Cenre (TARSC); Civic Forum on Housing (CFH)
This case study documents the experiences of community members, community based researchers and two institutions viz. TARSC and CFH in sustainable management of soild waste and strengthening the accountability of private sector and local authorities in integrated solid waste management. Besides, it highlights responsiveness of authorities vis. a. vis. social action and accountability in solid waste management and strengthening Social Awareness and Action in Health.
Case Study of Mr. Gulati- A Heart Patient. (This case study has been developed from the transcripts of Prof. Arima Mishra research on heart diseases)
Arima Mishra
The case study of Mr. Gulati explores many pertinent issues pertaining to Non-Communicable diseases like decision making process in seeking health care, caregiving ecosystem, patient agency and voice, compliance, etc. It also raises some critical questions for reflection viz. What are the causes of NCDs (Heart Diseases/Diabetes)? Why NCDs are called Lifestyle diseases? Who is responsible for leading a healthy lifestyle? What are the constraints in accessing NCD care?
Case Study of Ms. Nupur Bano. (This case study has been developed from the transcripts of Prof. Arima Mishra research on heart diseases)
Arima Mishra
The case study of Ms. Nupur Bano explores many pertinent issues pertaining to Non-Communicable diseases like decision making process in seeking health care, caregiving ecosystem, patient agency and voice, compliance, etc. It also raises some critical questions for reflection viz. Was Nupur Bano non-compliant of diabetic medication? What are the Constraints in accessing NCD care?
Chemical Odour Incidents in SIPCOT Industrial Area, Cuddalore
(2004) G.K Amrithslingam et.al
The Study explores and provides conclusive cases of a range of illnesses related to industrial pollution and chemical odour incidents among the residents living in and around the SIPCOT industrial area based on their subjective experiences. The study recorded 36 different type of chemical odour and 30 health symptoms associated with them. The study found that Children in villages were more prone to frequent illnesses.
Cholera and Nothing More
(2010) Delan Devakumar
This case study reflects various ethical and moral dilemmas confronted by a practitioner in the midst of a contagious epidemic of cholera whether to adopt a consequential approach or deontological approach in such a scenerio. The case study illustrates dilemmas of interest of population and individual conflict. Issues of epidemic versus routine service delivery. Resource constraints and international funding context.
Citizen Monitoring to Promote the Right to Health Care and Accountability
(2014) Ariel Frisancho; Maria Luisa Vasquez
This Case Study highlights the role of citizen monitoring and engagement in designing and implementation of social policies and building a transparent and accountable health care system. It shows how a strategic alliance between citizen and civil society combined with international human rights framework can be used to strenghten the capacity of rural women's agency and improve the quality of health care services at the local level.
Claiming Entitlements: The Story of Women Leaders' Struggle for the Right to Health in Uttar Pradesh, India
(2013) Abhijit Das; Jashodhara Dasgupta
The Case Study documents the evolution and role of women community level leaders from MSAM (Mahila Swasthya Adhikar Manch) in Empowering the Dalit and Backward Caste women in rural areas, by making them aware of and demanding and claiming the health related entitlements, nutrition and food security, social security, prevention of violence against women and political participation at the local levels.
Commercial Surrogacy and Fertility Tourism in India- The Case of Baby Manji
(2009) Kari Points
It is a dense rich case that shows the tensions between law (Inter-country), ethics, humanitarian values, technology, and private medical care specifically in new reproductive technology. It Raises many pertinent questions viz. What is a mother? What is a father? What does it mean to be a human? or a Citizen. How emerging technologies redefine these identities and pose ethical challenges.
Community Based Monitoring and Planning in Maharashtra
(2013) Abhay Shukla; Shelly Saha; Nitin Jadhav
The case study analyzes community based monitoring of health services, one of the core strategies of NRHM to promote decentralized village and district level health planning and management. It documents and analyzes the diverse experiences of community action vis. a. vis. accountability of health services through organizing Jan Sunwais (Public Hearing).
Community Development Centre (CDC): A Covenant with the Baiga (Tribe)
(2022) Shantanu Menon; Satender Rana; Kushagra Merchant; Aruna Pandey
This case study documents the journey of CDC and shows how the organization has created a resilient and responsive organizational culture in a remote and resource starved environment to address multiple developmental challenges of the region, particularly the Baiga tribe.
Counselling and Care on Call: The Story of the TB Careline
(2020-21) Karnataka Health Promotion Trust (KHPT)
This case study documents the journey of a free-of-cost phone-based TB Careline Program based in a modest office of single room in Dharward that counsels TB patients and provides information about the disease to those opting for the service. Besides, it links the patients back to treatment if they discontinue and provide feedback to the providers about their patient status. First part of the case study discusses the background and evolution of the TB careline program earlier known as' Mitra' that was born out of an intervention conducted under Strengthening Health Outcomes Through the Private Sector (SHOPS) in 2014. It also shows how the intervention has managed to sustain over a period of time and then goes on to discuss the impact it has created in terms of providing care to the TB patients. The process of counselling and care begins when a patient with a Careline card is instructed to give a missed call on +91 7349778223. A care line counsellor returns the call. First call is the introductory call, subsquently the first session begins. The TB careline has registered 15,989 patients between 2014 to 2020. During this period 7,241 patients have completed treatment and 2,552 patients are under active care. The service is flexible and adaptable to the needs of the patient and requirements of the health systems. One of the important learnings from the case study is use of technology to offer a personalized approach to prevention, care and support without removing the human connect and making it acceptable to the patient and caregiver. This type of interventions are especially important when treatment period is long with mandatory dosage and road to recovery is long and is made more difficult by socio-economic factors like poverty, malnutrition and stigmatization.
Cutting Cane for 2,000 Hours
(2018) M.N. Parth
The case study shows how agrarian crisis combined with lack of subsistence due to unavailability of work in villages of Beed District has induced mass migration of workers to seek work as an agricultural labourer in the Sugarcane fields. Besides, it highlights social disruptions and economic distress it has induced in workers lives and its consequences for their health.
Decoding Public Health Ethics and Inequity in India: A Conditional Cash Incentive Scheme-Janani Suraksha Yojana. (From the Book-Public Health Ethics: Cases Spanning the Globe)
(2016) Divya Kanwar Bhati; D.H. Barret et al. (Edited)
The case study raises some critical issues pertaining to Janani Suraksha Yogana programme vis. a. vis. Inequities in access due to socioeconomic status, caste, culture, education etc. and quality and safety of care provided in the public health care institutions. The case study reflects the larger issues of ethics around culture, science, gender and context of programs.
Determining who Constitutes the Community (From the Book- Casebook on Ethical Issues in International Health Research)
(2009) Neha Madhiwalla; Richard Cash et al.(Edited)
The case study raises some pertinent question such as who should actually represent a community? What should be an actual representation of a community and its voice based on which decisions can be made or interventions can be planned? What should be the inclusion criteria? Ethical Issues around mid-course corrections in research and Procedural justice.
Discussion Questions: Ethical Issues in Health Policy Making-Trans Fat Campaign in New York City
Arima Mishra
This document has some questions for reflection and discussion regarding the case study-Ethical Issues in Health Policy Making-Trans-Fat Campaign in New York city and the film Miss Evers' Boys.
Empowering Marginalized Indigenous Communities through the Monitoring of Public Health Care Servies in Guatemala
(2014) Walter Flores; Lorena Ruano
The case study shows how Participatory Action Research (PAR) can be used to involve excluded population in changing social conditions. It further shows how PAR can be used to make Health System responsive and provide better health care services in terms of availability and access to resources and reducing maltreatment.
Evaluation Research on a Disability Rehabilitation Programme (From the Book- Casebook on Ethical Issues in International Health Research)
(2009) Neha Madhiwalla; Richard Cash et al.(Edited)
This case study highlights moral dillemas and ethical issues in doing justice to findings vs. pragmatic considerations of resources.
Fluorosis Mitigation through Community-based Safe Drinking Water Supply in Dhar District, Madhya Pradesh
(2019-20) People's Science Institute (PSI), Uttarakhand
This case study is about the community-based safe drinking water supply intervention planned, formulated and implemented by People's Science Institute to mitigate the health issues due to consumption of fluoride contaminated water in 17 villages of Dhar district. The case study gives a detailed outline of the methodology adopted for planning and implementing the intervention which inlcudes collection of secondary information, conducting hydrogeological and water quality monitoring studies, setting up of field stations in the project areas, dental and skeletal survey in schools to identify villages severly affected by fluoride contamination, village survey to trace main sources of drinking water and overall hygeine and sanitary condition, water quality monitoring in the shortlisted villages and conducting geology study and community mobilization for active involvement of the community members in creating awareness, planning, implementation and monitoring of the intervention. A pilot study was conducted based on the preliminary findings followed by the impelmentation of the community based safe drinking water supply intervention. One of the strenghts of the case study is its robust methodology that can be replicated in other areas as well and ground water recharge measures and strategies based on scientific studies. Besides, involvement of the community in planning and implementation of the intervention is also an important aspect of the case study. Improvements in health, access to safe drinking water, community-managed drinking water supply systems, ground water management and behavioural changes are some of the positive outcomes of the intervention. Lack of support from local Panchayat, difficulty in community mobilization due to the social and economic reasons, lack of personal hygeine, sanitary practices and use of toilet among the community members were some of the challenges in impelmenting the intervention. The present case study shows that earlier interventions failed because they couldnt ensure or sustain community invovement in maintaining operations and monitoring of the services. Therefore role of the community in monitoring and sustaining the intervention is an important learning. It also shows that it is possible to make safe drinking water available without use of chemical based cost intensive defluoridation units. Ground water recharge is an excellent strategy to reduce fluoride concentration.
Giving Birth at Home in Resource-Scarce Regions of India: An Argument for Making the Women-Centric Approach of the Traditional Dias Sustainable
(2021) Bijoya Roy; Imrana Qadeer; Mira Sadgopal; Janet Chawla
The report examines how dais’ traditional knowledges and practices can manage low-risk births while empowering low-income women during labor and delivery. While traditional birth attendants or dias have been marginalized in the maternity care policy and their contibution towards maternal and neonatal care has been underappreciated. Despite their marginalization they continue to assist homebirths in low resource areas of the country. The study attempts to explore why many Indian women still choose dais in rural areas with poor infrastructure and low quality of facility-based care. It highlights dias and their skills continue to be effective because they share the cluture, language and social background of their clients and offer "cultural safety".

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